Top 60 Scala Interview Questions And Answers

Scala Interview Questions And Answers

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gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” render_logics=”” filter_type=”regular” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true”][fusion_accordion type=”accordions” boxed_mode=”no” border_size=”1″ border_color=”” background_color=”” hover_color=”” divider_line=”” title_font_size=”” icon_size=”” icon_color=”” icon_boxed_mode=”” icon_box_color=”#4f4f4f” icon_alignment=”right” toggle_hover_accent_color=”#3ed9df” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_toggle title=”Question 1: What do you mean by Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Scala is a general-purpose programming language that supports imperative, object-oriented, functional, & programming approaches. Everything in Scala is an object, whether a number or a function. It was designed in 2004 by Martin Odersky.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 2: Explain ‘Scala set’ & list down the methods for set operation.” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Scala set represents a collection of pairwise variant elements of the same type. It does not have any duplicate elements. There are two types of Scala sets: mutable sets and immutable sets. 

All the operations on a Scala set can be expressed in the following methods:

  • Head: It returns the Scala set’s first element.
  • tail: It returns a Scala set containing all the elements except the first.
  • isEmpty:  It checks whether the set is empty & then returns the Boolean.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 3 : Define ‘Scala map’ .” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

A Scala map is a collection of value-key pairs wherein the key is used to retrieve a value. The keys are unique in a Scala map, but the values aren’t unique. Scala has two types of maps: mutable & immutable. However, Scala supports immutable maps by default. To avail the mutable map, programmers need to import the class scala.collection.mutable.Map explicitly. In cases when programmers want to use both maps in the same program, then a mutable map can be accessed at the mutable.map & the immutable map can be simply accessed with the map’s name.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 4: What are the key advantages of Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Some major advantages of Scala are:

  1. Highly Scalable and Testable
  2. Highly Productive & Maintainable
  3. It enables Concurrent Programming
  4. It is both Functional and Object-Oriented
  5. Scala has no Boilerplate Codes
  6. Singleton objects are a cleaner solution than the Static
  7. Scala Arrays use the regular Generics
  8. Scala has Concise Codes & Native Tuples

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 5: How Scala is better than other programming languages?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

  1. Scala has immutable “val” as the first-class language feature. Scala’s “val” is similar to the Java final variable. Contents may mutate, but the top reference is immutable.
  2. Scala lets ‘for-yield loops’, ‘if blocks,’ & ‘code’ in braces to return the value. It is most preferable & eliminates the need for a separate ternary operator.
  3. Scala has singleton objects, which is a more precise solution than C#/C++/Java’s classic static.
  4. Arrays use regular generics in Scala, while generics get bolted on as the afterthought and completely separate but have overlapping behaviors with arrays in the other languages.
  5. Persistent immutable collections are default & built into the standard library.
  6. Scala has a concise code & native tuple.
  7. Scala doesn’t have any boilerplate code.
  8. Scala is not only object-oriented, but it also has functional programming language features.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 6: What is the difference between a class & an object?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

A class refers to a blueprint or a definition. In terms of compositions & methods of other types, a class defines a type. However, an object is a singleton & a unique instance of a class. Each object in the code has an anonymous class for it.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 7: What is the meaning of the recursion tail in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Recursion refers to a function in Scala that calls itself. When function A calls function B, which further calls function C, it is known as recursion. This technique is mainly used in functional programming.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 8: What is a Scala trait?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Trait in Scala is used to define the object types specified by a signature of the supported methods. It can be partially implemented, but traits may not have constructor parameters. A Scala trait consists of field definition & method that can be reused by mixing them into classes.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 9: When can you use Scala traits?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

There are no specific rules for when you can use traits in Scala, but there is a set of guidelines that you can consider:

  • Make it a concrete class if the behavior will not be reused. It is not a reusable behavior.
  • To inherit from a trait in a Java code, use an abstract class.
  • If efficiency is essential, use a class.
  • Make it a Scala trait if it might be reused in unrelated & multiple classes. In different parts of a class hierarchy, only Scala traits can be mixed into different parts.
  • You can utilize an abstract class if you want to distribute it in a compiled form & expect outside groups to write classes inheriting from it.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 10: What are the Case Classes?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Case classes refer to the standard classes declared with a special modifier. Such classes provide a recursive decomposition mechanism through pattern matching. The case classes export their constructor parameters accessed directly & treated as public values. For a case class, companion objects & their associated methods get automatically generated. All the methods in a class and methods in a companion object are generated based on the parameter list. A primary advantage of a case class is that it automatically generates the methods from a parameter list.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 11: Define the use of tuples in Scala.” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Tuples in Scala combine a finite number of items together so a programmer can pass the tuple around as a whole. Unlike a list or an array or list, a tuple is immutable & can hold objects with different data types.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 12: What do you mean by function currying in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Function Currying refers to transforming the function that takes multiple arguments into a function that takes a single argument. Scala supports various techniques similar to those used in languages such as Haskell and LISP. However, function currying is the most misunderstood & least used technique.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 13: Explain implicit parameters in Scala.” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Implicit parameter is a way to find a method’s parameters. It is similar to default parameters but has a different mechanism for finding a “default” value. The implicit parameter refers to a parameter to a constructor or method marked as implicit. It means that if a parameter value is not mentioned, then the compiler will search for the “implicit” value defined within the scope.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 14: What do you mean by a closure in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

 The closure is a function in Scala whose return value is dependent on either one or more variables’ values declared outside the function.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 15: What is a Monad in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Monad in Scala is an object that helps in wrapping another object according to the mini-program, a function to perform data manipulation on an underlying object. It manipulates an object indirectly and chooses the method to apply for a program on the underlying object.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 16: What is an anonymous function in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

Scala anonymous function in the source code is also called function literals. The function literals are instantiated into the objects (function values) during run time, which provides an easy Syntax for defining the anonymous functions.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 17: Define Scala higher-order functions.” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

A Higher-order function does one of the following:

  1. Takes one or multiple functions as arguments, or;
  2. Returns function as its result

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 18: What is the difference between a value & a var keyword?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

In Scala, both val & var keywords are used to define variables. However, they share some significant differences as follows:

  1. Var stands for a variable & val stands for value.
  2. Variables can be changed, but values cannot be changed.
  3. Var is used to define a mutable variable.
  4. Val is used to define an immutable variable.
  5. Var is a ‘variable,’ but val is the final variable.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 19: What is an option, some & none in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

The Scala option is a container for one or zero elements of a given type. An option can be some or none object that represents a missing value.

[/fusion_toggle][fusion_toggle title=”Question 20: How to append to a list in Scala?” open=”no” class=”” id=””]

Answer:

To append data into the list, you must use “:+,” which appends a single value into the list.

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